Resolution in super-resolution microscopy – facts, artifacts, technological advancements and biological applications

Authors:

Kirti Prakash, David Baddeley, Christian Eggeling, Reto Fiolka, Rainer Heintzmann, Suliana Manley, Aleksandra Radenovic, Hari Shroff, Carlas Smith, Lothar Schermelleh

Keywords:

Super-resolution microscopy, Resolution, Contrast, Stimulated emission depletion, Structured illumination microscopy, Single-molecule localization microscopy

Abstract:

Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has undeniable potential for scientific discovery, yet still presents many challenges that hinder its widespread adoption, including technical trade-offs between resolution, speed and photodamage, as well as limitations in imaging live samples and larger, more complex biological structures. Furthermore, SRM often requires specialized expertise and complex instrumentation, which can deter biologists from fully embracing the technology. In this Perspective, a follow-up to our recent Q&A article, we aim to demystify these challenges by addressing common questions and misconceptions surrounding SRM. Experts offer practical insights into how biologists can maximize the benefits of SRM while navigating issues such as photobleaching, image artifacts and the limitations of existing techniques. We also highlight recent developments in SRM that continue to push the boundaries of resolution. Our goal is to equip researchers with the crucial knowledge they need to harness the full potential of SRM.

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